What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with inhaled corticosteroids?

Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis due to their effectiveness in reducing inflammation in the airways. One of the notable adverse drug reactions associated with their use is oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly referred to as thrush. This condition arises because inhaled corticosteroids can disrupt the normal flora of the oropharynx, leading to an overgrowth of Candida yeast.

Patients using inhaled corticosteroids are at increased risk for developing this infection, especially if they do not rinse their mouths after using the inhaler. Rinsing helps to minimize the residual medication in the mouth and pharynx, thereby reducing the chance for fungal overgrowth. Oropharyngeal candidiasis can present as white patches in the mouth and throat, along with discomfort or difficulty swallowing.

In contrast, other adverse reactions commonly associated with medications like systemic corticosteroids—such as weight gain or hair loss—are less frequently seen with inhaled forms, while dry mouth, though possible, is not as directly linked to inhaled corticosteroids as candida infections are. Therefore, understanding the risk of oropharyngeal candidiasis is crucial for patients using inhaled corticosteroids to effectively manage their therapy and minimize side effects