What is a significant concern when using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids over the long term?

Using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids over the long term can lead to significant side effects, among which glaucoma and cataracts are particularly concerning. Inhaled corticosteroids act topically in the lungs to control inflammation and manage conditions like asthma and COPD. However, when administered in high doses, they can have systemic effects due to absorption into the bloodstream.

The link between long-term corticosteroid use and ocular complications stems from the effect of these medications on ocular pressure and lens clarity. Prolonged exposure can lead to increased intraocular pressure, resulting in glaucoma and potential damage to the optic nerve, as well as the formation of cataracts, which can cloud the lens of the eye and impair vision. These risks necessitate careful monitoring of patients using high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, particularly in those with other risk factors for eye diseases.

The focus on managing underlying respiratory conditions should always be balanced with awareness of the potential long-term effects of treatment, making regular eye exams a critical component of care for patients on these therapies.