Which of the following is an adverse reaction to intranasal steroids?

Intranasal steroids are commonly used to manage allergic rhinitis by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages. A known and relatively common adverse reaction to their use is epistaxis, or nosebleeds. This occurs because intranasal steroids can dry out the nasal mucosa, leading to irritation and, in some cases, localized bleeding.

Weight gain, abdominal pain, and joint pain are not typical side effects associated specifically with intranasal steroid use. These reactions are more commonly linked to systemic steroids or other medications, rather than localized treatments like those administered intranasally. As a result, the incidence of epistaxis stands out as a relevant and documented adverse reaction in patients using intranasal corticosteroids.